Krogh , Schack August Steenberg

Krogh , Schack August Steenberg
(1874–1949) Danish physiologist
Krogh, the son of a brewer from Grenaa in Denmark, was educated at the Aarhus gymnasium and the University of Copenhagen, where he obtained his PhD in 1903. He spent his whole career at the university, serving as professor of animal physiology from 1916 until his retirement in 1945.
Krogh first worked on problems of respiration. He argued, against his teacher Christian Bohr, that the absorption of oxygen in the lungs and the elimination of carbon dioxide took place by diffusion alone. He made precise measurements to show that the oxygen pressure was always higher in the air sacs than in the blood and, consequently, there was no need to assume any kind of nervous control.
It was, however, with his studies of the capillary system that Krogh achieved his most dramatic success. The simplest explanation of its action was to assume it was under the direct hydraulic control of the heart and arteries: the stronger the heart beat, the greater the amount of blood flowing through the capillaries. Krogh had little difficulty in showing the inadequacy of such a scheme by demonstrating that even among a group of capillaries fed by the same arteriole some were so narrow that they almost prevented the passage of red cells while others were quite dilated, allowing the free passage of the blood. Not content with this descriptive account Krogh went on to make a more quantitative demonstration. Working with frogs, which he injected with Indian ink shortly before killing, he showed that in sample areas of resting muscle the number of visible (stained) capillaries was about 5 per square millimeter; in stimulated muscle, however, the number was increased to 190 per square millimeter. From this he concluded that there must be a physiological mechanism to control the action of the capillaries in response to the needs of the body. It was for this work, fully described in The Anatomy and Physiology of Capillaries (1922), that Krogh was awarded the 1920 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine.

Scientists. . 2011.

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  • Schack August Steenberg Krogh — Naissance 15 novembre 1874 Grenaa (Danemark) Décès 13  …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Medizinnobelpreis 1920: Schack August Steenberg Krogh —   Der dänische Physiologe wurde für die Entdeckung des Regulationsmechanismus der Blutkapillaren und seine Arbeiten über den Gasaustausch bei der Atmung ausgezeichnet.    Biografie   Schack August Steenberg Krogh, * Grenå (Dänemark) 15. 11. 1874 …   Universal-Lexikon

  • August Krogh — Schack August Steenberg Krogh, kurz als August Krogh bekannt, (* 15. November 1874 in Grenaa (Djursland); † 13. September 1949 in Kopenhagen) war ein dänischer Arzt und Zoologe. Für die Entdeckung des kapillarmotorischen Regulationsmechanismus… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • August Krogh — Schack August Steenberg Krogh Schack August Steenberg Krogh (15 novembre 1874 13 septembre 1949) était un scientifique danois, professeur de zoo physiologie à l Université de Copenhague de 1916 à 1945. Il fit de nombreuses… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Krogh — Krogh,   Schack August Steenberg, dänischer Physiologe, * Grenå 15. 11. 1874, ✝ Kopenhagen 13. 9. 1949; ab 1916 Professor der Tierphysiologie in Kopenhagen. Für seine Arbeiten über den Gasaustausch bei der Atmung und die Physiologie der… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • August Krogh — August Krogh …   Wikipedia Español

  • Krogh — steht für Krogh (Adelsgeschlecht), ein niedersächsisches und dänisches Adelsgeschlecht Krogh (Mondkrater) südöstlich des Kraters Auzout Krogh ist der Name von Charlotte von Krogh (1827–1913), deutsch dänische Malerin Christian von Krogh (1863… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • August Krogh — Schack August Steenberg Krogh. (n. Grenaa, Dinamarca, 15 de noviembre de 1874 † Copenhague, 13 de septiembre de 1949). Fisiólogo danés. Cursó estudios en la Universidad de Copenhague, de la que fue profesor de fisiología animal desde 1916 hasta… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Krogh — [krôg] (Schack) August Steenberg [stēn′bərg] 1874 1949; Dan. physiologist …   English World dictionary

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